Modal shift ambitions of large North European ports: A contract-theory perspective on the role of port managing bodies
Port managing bodies (PMBs) need to respond to increased societal pressures for improving environmental performance.For many PMBs, a modal shift (MS) from road to rail and barge transport (where available) represents a strategic priority.Yet, in practice, few PMBs have set clear MS targets Louvre Motor or have been able to achieve their MS objectiv